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Top R&D Achievements Honored at DOE Solid-State Lighting Workshop

February 05, 2010

Nine research and development project teams were honored at "Transformations in Lighting," the seventh annual U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Solid-State Lighting (SSL) R&D Workshop, held in Raleigh, North Carolina. The three-day event brought together more than 350 researchers, manufacturers, and other industry insiders and observers interested in keeping up to date on the latest solid-state lighting technology developments.

The following organizations were recognized by DOE for significant breakthroughs and achievements in 2009, representing research conducted at large and small companies, universities, and research institutions:

Llight-emitting diodes (LEDs)

Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs)  

  • Sandia National Laboratories was recognized for its use of novel spectroscopy in improving the efficiency of green LEDs.
  • University of Florida was recognized for achieving a record efficacy of 59 lm/W in a blue phosphorescent OLED.
  • PhosphorTech Corporation was recognized for its work in developing advanced phosphor materials to increase the efficiency of LED lamps.
  • Los Alamos National Laboratory was recognized for its efforts to develop new materials to lower the cost of OLED manufacturing.
  • Cree, Inc. was recognized for significant improvements in its cool-white multichip LED prototype, which demonstrated record efficacy of 117 lm/W.
  • Arkema, Inc. was recognized for its work in developing a lower-cost substitute for indium as a key component of OLED anodes.
  • Osram Sylvania Development Inc. was recognized for demonstrating an efficient warm-white LED light engine for use in downlights.
  • Universal Display Corporation was recognized for moving toward the development of commercially viable white OLED panels by fabricating a white OLED that achieves 68 lm/W.
  • Philips Lumileds Lighting, LLC was recognized for improving warm-white LED performance by demonstrating an LED with an efficacy of 83 lm/W.

For more information about the DOE Solid-State Lighting R&D Portfolio, visit the R&D Projects page on EERE's Solid-State Lighting Web site. Workshop highlights and presentations will be posted on the EERE Solid-State Lighting Web site soon.


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150 Hz operating frequency for LED fixtures by DOE challenged

CHALLENGE DOE ENERGY STAR REQUIREMENTS FOR INTEGRAL LED LAMPS

Once Innovations, a Minnesota based research, development and manufacturing company with a firm focus on LED technologies announced today its intent to formally challenge newly finalized ENERGY STAR Eligibility Criteria for Integral LED Lamps.

"We feel that the increase in operating frequency requirements was erroneously based on speculation about visual flicker, which has nothing to do with energy conservation. The new 150 Hz criteria will hinder the introduction of low cost, energy savings AC LED lighting solutions, which is contrary to the goals of the ENERGY STAR program," stated Mr. Zdenko Grajcar, CEO and Chief Technology Officer at Once Innovations.

Grajcar went on to state, "We stipulate that 60 Hz luminous modulation (flicker) is likely to cause certain discomfort in some people. However, the majority of low frequency AC LED systems operate in the rectified mode, which effectively doubles the luminous modulation frequency to 120Hz for 60Hz mains in the United States. Despite many attempts, laboratory investigations have not found statistically significant effects of luminous modulation with frequencies over 100Hz on human performance, health, or comfort. We've collected studies with hundreds of pages of research material that show no evidence other than speculative statistics to support claims that luminous modulation over 100Hz is visible or harmful to human health. This change in frequencies will have a profoundly negative impact on the future of energy efficient lighting in the United States. As such, we feel we have no other choice but to challenge the DOE decision. At the same time, we strongly urge other manufacturers and users of AC LED technologies to do the same. "

"The last minute change to 150 Hz operating frequency raises a stumbling block to new low cost, high efficiency AC LED lighting technology, which promises tremendous energy savings potential in the U.S." added Mr. Craige Thompson, Chief Legal Officer at Once Innovations. Mr. Thompson went on to say, "The increase to 150 Hz appears to be arbitrary and applied in a way that discriminates against new, more efficient LED technologies in favor of other forms of light fixtures. The DOE should examine the relevant facts and articulate a rational connection between the facts and the frequency specification." Mr. Thompson explained, "The electrical grid in the U.S. operates on 60 Hz. Therefore, rectified topologies will operate at 120 Hz modulation. Generating frequencies above 150 Hz is generally much more complex and expensive. Before increasing the frequency requirement to 150 Hz for LED-based fixtures, the DOE should provide an opportunity for notice and comment pursuant to the Administrative Procedure Act."

 
Once Innovations, Inc. is a privately held corporation that manufactures highly differentiated LED lighting using a visionary approach to research and product development - from unique designs with proprietary technologies through final production and distribution. Once was founded in 2008 by current CTO, Zdenko Grajcar, considered a pioneering rebel in LED technology for his remarkably unconventional thinking and relentless challenge to the industry status quo. The Once Innovations technology research, marketing, and product development campus is located in Plymouth, MN United States of America.

FOR MORE INFORMATION CONTACT:
John Moody
E: jmoody@onceinnovations.com
T: +1.763.381.5621
W: www.onceinnovations.com
5455 Highway 169 N
Plymouth, MN 55442
United States of America


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Osram Life-cycle Assessment has concluded that "LED lamps are already today more than five times more efficient than incandescent lamps and future technical achievements offer additional potential for the coming years."

Read the LED life-cycle research! The total LCA also shows that the LED lamp is one of the most environmentally friendly lighting products.

The life-cycle assessment looks at manufacturing, usage and end of life realities.

An OSRAM study monitored the life cycle of an LED and an LED lamp. It´s outcome made it clear - LED lamps need less than 2% of their energy consumption for their manufacture - over 98% are used for their task: illuminating the world.

Click here for more information about this study.

The aim of OSRAM Opto Semiconductors' LCA is therefore to analyse the environmental impact of an LED lamp over its entire life and to compare it with a compact fluorescent lamp and an incandescent lamp. The relevant material and energy supplies were determined in detail for all the LED lamp's components and production processes. Apart from a detailed analysis of each individual production stage, for LED chips and lamp housings, for example, these also include all necessary transports such as the transport of an LED lamp from its production site in China to its place of installation in Europe.

Apart from direct input of raw materials, the energy input, materials and emissions associated with the retrieval of resources are recorded. The results allow for conclusions not only on resource consumption and primary energy input but also acidification, eutrophication, the greenhouse effect, ozone depletion and toxicity.

The bottom line is that LED are efficient

In the first LCA, OSRAM Opto Semiconductors show that LED lamps are a genuine alternative to incandescent lamps, even when considering the cumulative energy input and environmental factors.

Often these fundamentally different lamps were compared based on their wattage. Conventional lamps with filaments are way behind diode lamps. A 40 Watt incandescent lamp, for example, can either be replaced by an 8W compact fluorescent light or, for some applications, by an 8W LED lamp, which means an energy saving of 80 percent.

In order to guarantee the comparability of results in the LCA, a lifetime of 25,000 hours was chosen as reference. The latest LED lamp generation (Parathom Classic A55 with Golden Dragon Plus LED) achieves precisely this rating. Therefore, 25 incandescent lamps (OSRAM Classic A 40W) with a lifetime of 1,000 hours and 2.5 fluorescent lamps (Dulux Superstar Classic A 8W) lasting 10,000 hours have to be used for a comparison.

Over 98 percent of the energy used to produce light

The study was done in collaboration with experts at Siemens Corporate Technology, Centre for Eco Innovations and shows that similar to compact fluorescent lamps with LED-based lamps over 98% of the energy used is consumed to generate light. Less than two percent is allocated to production. This has dismissed any concern that manufacturing of LED particularly might be very energy-intensive. In contrast to the primary energy consumption of incandescent lamps of around 3,300kWh, LED lamps use less than 700kWh. The bottom line is that LED lamps are therefore definitely more efficient than conventional incandescent lamps. Apart from this, the ratings that indicate the lamps' effects on the environment are consistently better than those for incandescent lamps. As the efficiency of LED continues to increase, LED lamps will be capable of achieving even better LCA results in future. Three independent experts are currently verifying the findings of the internal study.

A summary of the study is available at www.osram-os.com/life-cycle-assessment.


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Market Projections for LED Lights = $5 Billion in 2012

A report released by Strategies Unlimited entitled LED lighting Fixtures -Market Analysis and Forecast provides a detailed assessment of the market drivers and challenges faced by the LED lighting fixture industry in penetrating the general illumination market.

The report  provides application analyses and forecasts for nine lighting market segments through 2012.

Through 2007, LED lighting applications included niche markets such as

  • exit signs
  • architectural lighting
  • accent and decorative lighting
  • entertainment lighting
  • ...many of which used red, green, and blue LEDs.

Market Growth of White LED Fixtures

However, white LED fixtures have begun to capture a strong market position in selected applications such as consumer portable lighting (e.g. flashlights, headlamps) and solar landscape lighting , and more recently have begun to be used on a limited basis in applications such as retail display lighting, commercial and industrial lighting, and outdoor area lighting.

In 2008, white LED fixtures accounted for just over 50%
of the total LED lighting fixture market.

The penetration of white LED lighting fixtures into general illumination applications will accelerate when such fixtures offer quantifiable energy and cost savings relative to the use of conventional light sources.

Performance Gains = Efficacy = Market Gains

In recent years, LED technology has made impressive performance gains, which in turn have improved the efficacy of LED lighting fixtures.

The Holy Grail of Performance:  100 lumens per watt

In the forecast period 2008-2012 white LED fixtures will make gains in market share as the best commercially available high-performance white LEDs move beyond luminous efficacies of 100 lumens per watt.

Further improvements in designing fixtures that can optimize LED operation are expected to drive the growth in LED lighting fixture market. Both recessionary pressures and mass manufacturing of LED lighting fixtures will further reduce the cost of manufacturing.

Opportunity Will Be In General Illumination Applications

As the LED lighting market grows beyond single color and color-changing applications into general illumination applications such as

  • residential
  • commercial
  • off-grid applications,
  • ultimately into outdoor area applications,

...it is forecast to exceed $5 billion in 2012 , corresponding to a CAGR of 28% from 2008-2012.

By then it will be only be the beginning for the ultimate replacement of conventional light sources, including high-efficiency fluorescent and HID fixtures. However, many challenges face the LED industry to accomplish that goal, all of which are discussed in the report.

LED Lighting Fixtures - Market Analysis and Forecast is available for immediate delivery from Strategies Unlimited.


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More than 4,200 LR24 recessed LED luminaires are planned for installation in Wedge 5 of the Pentagon as part of a major renovation.
In a signing ceremony today at the Pentagon, John J. Kubricky, Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Advanced Systems and Concepts, and Albert C. Ellet, acting director of the Washington Headquarters Service responsible for overseeing the renovation, signed an intra-departmental Memorandum of Agreement kicking-off the initiative to install LED lighting in the Pentagon.
 

The Cree LR24 luminaires have undergone extensive government testing and business-case analysis, including a preliminary Pentagon installation to meter the fixtures and compare the results to the alternative fluorescent technology.

This independent analysis demonstrated a 22% reduction in energy usage and improved light quality.

  • The business-case analysis yielded a payback of less than four years.
  • The payback analysis considered energy savings, lifetime maintenance savings, savings from reduced load on the HVAC system, and elimination of hazardous waste disposal fees for mercury-laden fluorescent bulbs.
  • Extensive modeling was also performed to determine optimal lighting design--analyzing the light distribution and spacing to ensure superior lighting and energy efficiency.
  • The Wedge 5 installation is estimated to save 140 tons of CO2 emissions per year.

"The U.S. federal government is taking a leadership role in energy efficiency for federal buildings both through existing mandates, as well as President-elect Obama's American Recovery and Reinvestment Plan, which calls for the renovation of public buildings to make them more energy efficient," said Chuck Swoboda, Cree chairman and chief executive officer. "Installations of highly efficient, low-maintenance LED lighting, like these in the Pentagon and in the U.S. Federal Reserve, demonstrate that the future of energy-efficient lighting is here today."

The LR24 units being used for the Pentagon renovation are being purchased from Cree by the Department of Defense's (DoD) Title III program as a part of its ongoing development program with Cree, and provided to the Washington Headquarters Services (WHS), which oversees the Pentagon renovation program.

"The Title III program has long supported the development and deployment of SiC substrates and devices for use in high-power RF and power-switching applications for DoD systems," said John Palmour, Ph.D., Cree co-founder and chief technology officer for advanced devices. "The program realized the importance of ensuring a strong domestic supply of SiC substrates and related devices, and the potential growth of solid-state lighting in the U.S. This Pentagon lighting project is a perfect example of stimulating America's leadership in high-technology manufacturing yielding unique commercial and defense products, while saving energy. Title III funding was also used to develop the technology in Cree's lighting class XLamp® XR-E LED platform--the light source in the LR24 recessed LED luminaire."


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LEDs Can Lower Light Energy Usage by 30%

Ruediger Mueller, CEO of Osram Opto Semiconductors GmbH, said at the Electronica 2008 exhibition, that LED technology has the potential to lower light energy usage by 30 percent. This means total energy use could be slashed by 50 percent. He estimated that 19 percent of global electricity is used for lightning. The LED technology can help reduce light energy consumption by 30 percent, and by adding some intelligence, it goes to 50 percent.

Mueller noted overall LED efficiency has improved by a factor of 50 percent.

Read More at LEDInside.com


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Category B is established as a future target for performance of SSL-based luminaires.  Products cannot qualify under Category B until three years after the effective date of these criteria.  If technology improves faster than expected, and opening category B prior to completion of a three-year waiting period would be in the public interest, DOE will advance the date for allowing products to qualify under Category B.

DOE's intent, is to substantially increase future performance requirements of LED Luminaires, and to encourage continued improvement in technology selection and design of luminaires using SSL sources. Products for a wide range of general illumination applications will be eligible.

The minimum luminaire efficacy target given for Category B is intended to rival today's most efficient lighting systems using traditional light sources.

T8 Fluorescent Lamp and Electronic Ballast Comparisons For example, the best commonly available high-performance T8 fluorescent lamp and electronic ballast systems are rated around 100 lm/W.

High-quality fixtures for these lamp-ballast systems are about 70% efficient, yielding 70 lm/W luminaire efficacy.

Based on current commercially available technology, the Category B level of minimum luminaire efficacy is not achievable for LED luminaires. However, DOE anticipates performance will rise rapidly over the coming years due to on-going progress in LED efficacy, LED high temperature tolerance, power supply efficiency improvements, and luminaire design.

DOE believes a significant number of general illumination products will be able to achieve 70 lm/W luminaire efficacy within three years after the effective date of these criteria.

DOE will monitor the technical progress of the technology, steadily adding additional Category A products in future versions. If technology improves faster than expected, and opening category B prior to completion of a three-year waiting period would be in the public interest, DOE will advance the date for allowing products to qualify under Category B.


SOURCE: Energy Star Program Requirements for Solid State Lighting Lunminaires


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The ENERGY STAR criteria for SSL Luminaires use  Luminaire Efficacy to establish performance as defined below:

                                     Luminaire Light Output (includes fixture efficiency and thermal effects
   Luminaire Efficacy =                       Luminaire Input Power
 
The ENERGY STAR criteria for non-SSL residential light fixtures (commonly referred to as
RLF) use system efficacy defined as the light output of the lamp-ballast system divided by the
input power measured in a 25°C environment.  Established test procedures for fluorescent
sources support this approach.  However, the program requirements in this document are
based upon luminaire efficacy, instead of system efficacy for the following reasons:
 
Accurate measurement of the LED light source separate from the fixture is often not
possible. 
LEDs typically are integrated into the fixture and not readily removable
without altering the performance of the light source.

LED performance is significantly affected by elevated temperature.  LED devices
generate heat that is typically removed by an external heat sink, which may be
designed into the luminaire itself.  Separating the light source from its heat sink will
significantly impact test results.  There are no standards or test procedures to measure
system efficacy of LEDs.  However, standards organizations are developing a test
procedure for photometric measurement of LED luminaires.  This test procedure is
currently in draft form and scheduled to be final by the 4th quarter of 2007.

Luminaire efficacy provides more realistic energy efficiency information because it
accounts for power supply, thermal, and fixture losses,
thus better meeting the needs of
buyers who seek the most light output for the least energy input. 

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The California Department of Transportation has been involved with the development of LED traffic signal modules for more than a decade. The recent energy crisis played a key role in speeding up the statewide conversion from incandescent lights to LEDs.

The Institute of Transportation Engineer's Future Directions Advisory Committee (FDAC) was appointed to identify and consider the trends and issues facing the Institute and the transportation profession. The FDAC gathered and reviewed information on transportation issues and identified trends:

  • continuing increase in demand for transportation;
    • Population increases and urbanization increase traffic flows
  • traffic congestion;
    • Progarmmable controllers and LED lights can improve communications and monitor/measure and adapt to traffic congestion
  • transportation programs to help meet air quality and energy goals;
    • Think saving energy, reducing greenhouse gases and reducing wasted mileage on the streets
  • greater mix of revenue sources for transportation;
    • Think BLUE LEDs on traffic signals to identify traffic violations!
  • federal government setting the direction for transportation programs;
    • Think funding...and ubiquitious traffic communications for tourism and travelers
  • operations and demand management taking precedence over increasing capacity;
    • Less is better...especially vehicles on the road.  Less oil consumption, less congestion, less accidents, less infrastructure costs...
  • intelligent vehicle highway systems
    • Programmable systems adapt to changing conditions and can even be predictive and take immediate steps to reroute traffic, etc. 


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Thermal Management with LED Lighting Applications

Diverting Heat To Cool Things Off

To maintain the extended life of the LED lighting fixture, LEDs need to shed heat that builds inside the fixture. A low junction temperature is key to effective thermal management.

The heat pipe assembly contains heat pipes that move heat away from the LEDs and the circuit board quickly and effectively.

KramerLED uses airflow convection to release warmer air away and circulate cooler air to the LEDs and through the fixture. Through this thermal management design, the fixture is guaranteed to operate at the proper temperatures.


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LED Industry Standards from IESNA

LM-79 and LM-80 IESNA Standards

LM-79 and LM-80 are two standards drafted by the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA) to measure LED performance.

LM-79

LM-79 specifies procedures for measuring electrical and photometric data such as

    Total lumen flux

    Electrical power

    Efficacy

    and other factors.

LM-80

LM-80 specifies procedures for determining lumen depreciation of LEDs related to the life of the product.


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THE EDGE Family of Products

BetaLED Family of Products
LED lighting for general commercial and industrial applications:

  • Efficiency
  • Performance
  • Longevity
  • Style

THE EDGE features LEDs with a color temperature of 6000K and outputs of 80 lumens per watt - - two factors that make THE EDGE a viable option to replace high-intensity discharge (HID) sources.


About BetaLED

BetaLED, a brand of Beta Lighting, was established to dedicate resources to the emerging use of LED technology for general illumination. Beta Lighting, a division of Ruud Lighting, Inc., provides the lighting market with high-quality, specification-grade luminaires for exterior lighting applications. For additional exterior LED luminaire information, visit www.BetaLED.com.

Beta Lighting, a Ruud Lighting company, provides the lighting industry with high-quality, specification-grade luminaires for exterior lighting applications.



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Auxiliary Lighting on Motorcycles

Auxiliary lighting on motorcycles

The "Night-time Awareness - Auxiliary Lighting" bill unanimously passed through the Maryland Senate  and the House in April 2008. This Motorcycle lighting legislation enables the front, rear, and sides of bikes to be illuminated using non-outwardly projecting lights. The bill was publicized to raise awareness for the National Highway Traffic Safety Association's motorcycle awareness week.

"Most motorcycle accidents involving another vehicle, they are almost always the fault of the other vehicle, and usually the comment of the other vehicle is, we just didn't see him."

Police Sgt. Dave Ennis adds that "Anything that adds to the visibility of the rider, I think is a move in the right direction."


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Video Frame

Gallium Lighting is proud to introduce the new 4" square family of high-performance LED downlights at LIGHTFAIR (http://www.lightfair.com/) in Las Vegas, Nevada (May 28-30, 2008).  The GS4 is a direct replacement for a 50-watt PAR 20 downlight, yet it consumes only 12 watts.  With color temperature as warm as 2700K, it is ideal for residences, hotels and hospitality applications.
 
"The latest generation of our GS6 downlight, is now the most efficient downlight on the planet (to the best of our knowledge) with a system efficacy of 65 lumens per watt,"  says Keith Bahde, President of Gallium Lighting

The GS6 is now available with full architectural dimming from 100% to 0%, and several new trim options.
 
Gallium in the news: 

GS6 featured on PBS March 2008
See the first 2½ minutes.  It can be accessed from on the PBS site or viewed directly at Climate-Talks.net.


Keith P. Bahde, Ph.D.
President
Gallium Lighting, LLC
116 Bethea Road, Suite 402
Fayetteville, Georgia  30214
(831) GALLIUM (425-5486)
(770) 573-3789 fax
(404) 822-6688 mobile
keith@galliumlighting.com
www.galliumlighting.com

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In 2007, Philips Lumileds released the LUXEON K2 warm and neutral white LEDs that offer new lighting possibilities

Warm-white and neutral-white LUXEON K2 emitters and a LUXEON K2 Star part  can be specified with any standard white emitter.

The new white colors have typical correlated color temperatures (CCT) of 3000K and 4100K and a color rendering index (CRI) of 80 and 75 respectively. The CCT range for LUXEON K2 now extends from 2670K to 10,000K and a new finer color bin structure allows for better overall selection.

Unlike most power LEDs that are limited to 700mA, LUXEON K2 warm white and neutral white LEDs can be run up to 1500mA and a junction temperature of 150°C. The new warm-white and neutral white can deliver more than 130lm and 140lm respectively. LUXEON K2 delivers more usable light at virtually any drive current and junction temperature condition.

“With the increases in light output performance and efficacy, there is expanding demand for power LEDs that deliver the quality of light required for general lighting applications,” said Steve Landau, Director of Marketing Communications. “Designers of residential applications, such as recessed can lights need uniformity, high color rendering and a warm white color temperature at 3000K. In many retail and commercial applications, a cooler temperature of 4100K is desired. With the new binning and phosphor technologies in LUXEON K2, the needs of lighting designers in both markets can be addressed.”

Lighting designers consider several critical “quality of light” factors when evaluating white LEDs: color temperature (CCT), color rendering (CRI) and color uniformity are three of the most important. The new LUXEON K2 parts address CCT and CRI and Philips Lumileds phosphor expertise and technologies ensure the highest degree of color uniformity resulting in white LEDs that are as much as 7 times more uniform that other white power LEDs.

LUXEON K2 Star, like the configuration already available in other LUXEON product families, consists of a white LUXEON K2 emitter mounted onto a metal core pc board (MCPCB). This configuration allows for rapid prototyping and production in a wide range of applications without the need to create custom level 2 boards. LUXEON Star products have been an industry standard for many years and been the configuration of choice for everything from architectural and entertainment lighting to emergency and portable lighting. Complete product information is available on the company’s website and in the LUXEON K2 datasheet also available online. LUXEON K2 warm-white and neutral-white power LEDs are in-stock and available for immediate delivery from Future Electronics. LUXEON K2 Star is stocked in limited quantities and interested parties should contact Future Electronics with their specific needs.

About Philips Lumileds Lighting Company

Philips Lumileds Lighting Company pioneered power LED technology and is the world’s leading provider of power LEDs for everyday lighting applications. The company’s recent records for light output, efficacy and thermal management are direct results of the ongoing commitment to advancing solid-state lighting technology and enabling lighting solutions that are more environmentally friendly, help reduce CO2 emissions and reduce the need for power plant expansion. Today, Philips Lumileds’ LUXEON LEDs are enabling never before possible applications in the automotive, camera flash, display, general lighting and signage markets. More information about the company’s products and technologies can be found at www.philipslumileds.com.

Philips Lumileds Lighting Company
steve.landau@philips.com
+1 408 964 2695
www.philipslumileds.com


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Understanding Power LED Lifetime Analysis

How intuitive graphical data sets help lighting designers accurately predict power LED reliability in different operating environments.


When designing LED-based lighting systems, engineers need to understand LED lumen maintenance and mortality in similar terms to those used when designing with conventional light sources. However, comparable data has been nearly impossible to find. In addition, designers need extra information to predict the lifetime of LEDs under a variety of operating conditions. A number of techniques to predict LED lifetimes have been proposed, but these have not been sufficient to generate the clear and unambiguous data that lighting engineers can use easily. This white paper provides lighting designers with an understanding of a new tool introduced by Philips Lumileds Lighting Company that simplifies the process allowing full flexibility in design options. This one tool provides designers with information that they need to make decisions about product lifetimes, driver constraints, number of LEDs required, and thermal management.

1. Aging and failure modes of lighting sources
2. Established lighting industry definitions of useful life
3. Established LED industry definitions: Lumen maintenance
4. Understanding LED operation and lifetimes
5. Completing the expression for lumen maintenance
6. Designing with B/L data for optimal lighting performance
7. Predicting LED lifetimes

Conclusion
The lighting industry needs LED manufacturers to provide data that is compatible with current design practice. However, this only answers a part of the challenge. LED vendors should also be in a position to provide more detailed information about product lifetimes under various operating conditions. This data allows lighting designers to deliver the best combination of purchase price, lighting performance, and cost of ownership for the life of the product.

From a user’s perspective, this data is most usefully expressed as a combination of B- and Llifetime as junction temperature and forward current are varied. This allows the system designer to make intelligent choices about the number of LEDs required, how they are driven, and the operating temperature.

Every power LED customer should therefore expect their supplier to provide this data as a matter of course, in any combination of B, L, Tj and If values, with clear definitions of failures (e.g. lumen maintenance below specified condition, electrical failures).


Download the PDF report "Understanding Power LED Lifetime Analysis"

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In 2007 Cree and Raleigh, North Carolina, Launch Nation’s First “LED City” with Cost-Saving Municipal Lighting

Raleigh Recognizes Greater than 40 Percent Energy Savings as Municipal Garage Switches to LED Lighting.

Cree, Inc., a U.S.-based leader in LED solid-state lighting components, and the City of Raleigh, North Carolina, the anchor city in a rapidly growing metro area, developed a joint, city-wide initiative to test, deploy and promote LED technology focused on a variety of general lighting applications.

The “LED City” initiative will create a “living laboratory” to deliver the economic, environmental and usage benefits of LED lighting to the urban residents.

The first project is focused on validating both the cost savings and technology capabilities of LEDs through an installation of LED lighting in the City’s Municipal Building parking deck.

Both Cree and Raleigh public officials expect the initiative to serve as a model for other cities that are considering implementing energy-efficient infrastructures.

As part of the commitment to creating an “LED City,” Raleigh plans to deploy LED lighting, through its living-laboratory initiative, to serve a number of lighting applications over the next 18 months including:
  • garage and parking lot lights
  • street lights
  • architectural and accent lighting
  • portable lighting
  • pedestrian and walkway lighting

Cree, the City of Raleigh and Lighting Science Group Corporation (OTCBB: LSGP) of Dallas, TX, also announced initial results of the first installation of the LED City initiative. LED-based lighting fixtures, provided by Lighting Science Group, were installed by Amtech Lighting Services in the Raleigh Municipal Building parking deck in December 2006. Progress Energy, Raleigh’s primary electric utility provider, says the floor equipped with LED lights uses over 40 percent less energy than the standard lighting system. Plus, according to Progress Energy’s research, the quality of light in the garage is greatly improved.

“The economic benefits for municipalities to invest in LEDs are clear – they

  • save energy
  • reduce environmental impact
  • improve the quality of light
As leaders in one of America’s fastest growing cities, it’s our civic responsibility to invest in the future and ensure the highest possible quality of life and safety for our citizens in generations to come,” stated Charles Meeker, Raleigh mayor. “We believe that the cost savings and benefits of LED lighting are real and achievable today.”

“Today’s announcement represents a milestone toward large-scale adoption of clean, energy-efficient technologies,” commented Kateri Callahan, president of the Washington, D.C.-based Alliance to Save Energy (ASE).
“Raleigh’s progressive commitment to becoming the first ‘LED City’ will no doubt serve as a model for other cities seeking to improve energy consumption and reduce negative impacts on the environment. We commend Cree and the City of Raleigh for helping support our mission of achieving a healthier economy, a cleaner environment and greater energy security.”

“The City of Raleigh is willing to set the pace, and we invite other municipalities to join us in developing energy-efficient civic centers,” said Chuck Swoboda, Cree CEO and chairman. “This leading-edge effort establishes an important driver for LED adoption within the United States.”

About the City of Raleigh, N.C.
The City of Raleigh is the municipal government for North Carolina’s capital city. Raleigh’s  reputation for the high quality of living has grown the population to more than 350,000. The City is proud to provide the leadership, direction and daily services that have contributed to Raleigh being among America’s most livable cities.

About Lighting Science Group Corporation
Lighting Science Group Corporation (www.lsgc.com) designs and sells highly energy-efficient and environmentally friendly lighting solutions based on its proprietary Optimized Digital Lighting® (ODL®) technology. The Company's patented and patent-pending designs and manufacturing processes enable affordable, efficient and long-lasting LED-based lighting systems to be quickly deployed in existing lighting applications and produce immediate cost savings and environmental benefits. Products include low bay fixtures for parking garages and industrial facilities, MR-16, R30, R25, G11, G25, candelabra and flame tip bulbs, which can be purchased at store.lsgc.com.

About Cree, Inc.
Cree is a market-leading innovator and manufacturer of semiconductors and devices in solid-state lighting, power and communications products for energy performance and efficiency. Key to Cree’s market advantage is its materials expertise in silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN) for chips and packaged devices that can handle more power in a smaller space while producing less heat than other available technologies, materials and products.

Cree licenses its  technology into multiple applications, including  alternatives in brighter and more-tunable light for general illumination, backlighting for more-vivid displays, optimized power management for high-current, switch-mode power supplies and variable-speed motors, and more-effective wireless infrastructure for data and voice communications. Cree customers range from lighting-fixture makers to defense-related federal agencies.

Cree’s product families include blue and green LED chips, lighting LEDs, LED backlighting solutions, power-switching devices and radio-frequency/wireless devices. For additional product specifications please refer to www.cree.com.
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In September, 2007, Cree announced it achieved R&D results of 129 lumens per watt for a cool-white LED and 99 lumens per watt for a warm-white LED.

These are the best results reported for packaged, high-power LEDs, and indicate that Cree is extending its lead in solid-state lighting through its continued investments in LED technology.

The results have been verified by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). NIST’s tests confirmed that the cool-white (5,813 K) LED produced 135.7 lumens of light output and achieved 129 lumens per watt efficacy. The warm-white (2,950 K) LED produced 104.2 lumens of light output and achieved 99 lumens per watt efficacy. The institute tests LEDs at 350 mA and measures the output after five minutes of operation to ensure thermal stabilization.

In coming years, such investments in core LED technology could lead to products that replace traditional light sources in all commercial applications.

Customers may see these technology advancements in commercial products
within 12 to 24 months.


“To replace traditional light sources, LEDs need to provide both high light output and high efficacy,” comments John Edmond, Cree co-founder and director of advanced optoelectronics. “Cree continues to push the limits of LED performance in order to realize the potential of the LED lighting revolution – energy-efficient, long-lasting LED light.”

For more information on Cree high-power LEDs, please call (919) 313-5300 or visit www.cree.com.
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